64 - AIPGME 2005 Pharmacology Mcqs with answers

1q: A highly ionized drug
a. Is excreted mainly by the kidney
b. Can cross the placental barrier easily
c. Is well absorbed from the intestine
d. Accumulates in the cellular lipids

answer a. Is excreted mainly by the kidney

2q: All of the following hormones have cell surface receptors except
a. Adrenaline
b. GH
c. Insulin
d. Thyroxine

answer d. Thyroxine.

3q: Which one of the following is true of adrenal suppression due to steroid therapy?
a. It is not associated with atrophy of adrenal glands
b. It does not occur in patients receiving inhaled steroids
c. It should be expected in anyone receiving greater than 5mg of prednisolone daily
d. Following cessation, the stress response normalizes after 8 weeks

answer c. It should be expected .....

4q: With which of the following theophylline has an antagonistic interaction?
a. Histamine receptors
b. Bradykinin receptors
c. Adenosine receptors
d. Imidazoline receptors

answer c. Adenosine receptors

5q: Which one of the following drugs increases gastrointestinal motility?
a. Glycopyrrolate
b. Atropine
c. Neostigmine
d. Fentanyl

answer c. Neostigmine.

6q: Which one of the following drugs has been shown to offer protection from gastric aspiration syndrome in a patient with symptoms of flux?
a. Ondansetron
b. Metaclopramide
c. Sodium citrate
d. Atropine

answer b. Metaclopramide.

7q: The following drugss have significant drug interactions with digoxin except :
a. Cholestyramine
b. Thiazide diuretics
c. Quinine
d. Amlodipine

answer d. Amlodipine.

8q: One of the following is not true about nesiritide
a. It is a brain natriuretic peptide analogue
b. It is used in acutely decompensated heart failure
c. It has significant oral absorption
d. It has a short half life

answer c. It has significant oral absorption.

9q: Dry mouth during antidepressant therapy is caused by blockade of
a. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
b. Serotonergic receptors
c. Dopaminergic receptors
d. GABA receptors

answer a. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

10q: The major difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics is that
a. The latter cause minimal or no increase in prolactin
b. The former cause tardive dyskinesia
c. The former are available as parenteral preparations
d. The latter cause substantial sedation

answer b. The former cause tardive dyskinesia.

11q: Antipsychotic drug induced parkinsonism is treated by
a. Anticholinergics
b. Levodopa
c. Selegilline
d. Amantadine

answer a. anticholinergics.

12q: Oculogyric crisis is known to be produced by all of the following drugs except
a. Trifluoperazine
b. Atropine
c. Perchlorperazine
d. Perphenazine

answer b. Atropine

13q: Inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptor is
a. Phenobarbitone
b. Flumazenil
c. Beta-carboline
d. Gabapentin

answer c. Beta carboline

14q: All of the following are hallucinogens except
a. LSD
b. Phencyclidine
c. Mescaline
d. Methylphenidate

answer d. Methylphenidate.

15q: All of the following are topically used sulphonamides except
a. Sulphacetamide
b. Sulphadiazine
c. Silver sulphadiazine
d. Mafenide

answer b. Sulphadiazine.

16q: One of the following is not pencillinase susceptible
a. Amoxicillin
b. Pencillin G
c. Piperacillin
d. Cloxacillin

answer d. Cloxacillin.

17q: The group of antibiotics which possess additional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities is
a. Tetracyclines
b. Polypeptide antibiotics
c. Fluoroquinolones
d. Macrolides

answer d. Macrolides.

18q: Which one of the following is best associated with Lumefantrine?
a. Antimycobacterial
b. Antifungal
c. Antimalarial
d. Antiamoebic

answer c. Antimalarial.

19q: Which one of the following is used in therapy of Toxoplasmosis?
a. Artensunate
b. Thiacetazone
c. Ciprofloxacin
d. Pyrimethamine

answer d. Pyrimethamine.

20q: Nevirapine is a
a. Protease inhibitor
b. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
c. NNRTI
d. Fusion inhibitor

answer c. NNRTI .

21q: Which one of the following drugs is "Topoisomerase I" inhibitor?
a. Doxorubicin
b. Irinotecan
c. Etoposide
d. Vincristine

answer b. Irinotecan .

22q: Etanercept acts by one of the following mechanisms
a. By blocking Tumor necrosis factor
b. By blocking bradykinin synthesis
c. By inhibiting COX-2
d. By blocking lipoxygenase

answer a. By blocking TNF.

63 - Amiodarone

*Amiodarone is an iodine containing long acting antiarrythmic drug which belongs to class III.

*Mechanism of action : It prolongs actional potential duration and effective refractory period is also prolonged. Conduction is slowed. When the drug is given through oral route, it has minimal effect on cardiac contractility and BP. Amiodarone is categorized as a class III antiarrhythmic agent, and prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential. It has numerous other effects however, including actions that are similar to those of antiarrhythmic classes Ia, II, and IV. Amiodarone shows beta blocker-like and potassium channel blocker-like actions on the SA and AV nodes, increases the refractory period via sodium- and potassium-channel effects, and slows intra-cardiac conduction of the cardiac action potential, via sodium-channel effects.
Amiodarone resembles thyroid hormone, and its binding to the nuclear thyroid receptor might contribute to some of its pharmacologic and toxic action

*Uses : It is used in resistant cases of VT and recurrent VF. It is used in resistant cases of AF when other drugs have failed.

*ADVERSE EFFECTS :
- It interferes with thyroid function : Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may be seen. It inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.
- Cardiac depressant action : This is seen on IV injection but not on oral dose. On IV administration fall in BP and myocardial depression occurs.
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
- Photosensitization
- Corneal microdeposits.